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basic French

  • 1 basic

    basic [ˈbeɪsɪk]
       a. ( = fundamental) fondamental ; [rule] élémentaire
       b. [salary, working hours] de base
    to get back to basics revenir au b.a.-ba
    * * *
    ['beɪsɪk] 1.
    basics plural noun essentiel m: (of knowledge, study) principes mpl fondamentaux; ( food) denrées fpl de première nécessité
    2.
    1) ( fundamental) [aim, arrangement, fact, need, quality] essentiel/-ielle; [belief, research, problem, principle] fondamental; [theme] principal
    2) ( elementary) [education, skill, rule] élémentaire
    3) ( rudimentary) [accommodation, meal, supplies] de base

    the accommodation was rather basicpéj le logement était un peu rudimentaire

    4) ( before additions) [pay, wage, hours] de base
    5) Chemistry basique

    English-French dictionary > basic

  • 2 basic

    basic ['beɪsɪk]
    (a) (fundamental → problem, theme) fondamental; (→ aim, belief) principal;
    these things are basic to a good marriage ces choses sont fondamentales ou vitales pour un mariage heureux
    (b) (elementary → rule, skill) élémentaire; (→ knowledge, vocabulary) de base;
    basic English anglais m de base;
    a basic knowledge of Greek une connaissance de base du grec;
    my French is a bit basic mon français est plutôt rudimentaire;
    basic vocabulary vocabulaire m de base;
    I've got the basic idea je vois de quoi il s'agit en gros;
    Mathematics the four basic operations les quatre opérations fpl fondamentales
    (c) (essential) essentiel;
    basic foodstuffs denrées fpl de base;
    the basic necessities of life les besoins mpl vitaux;
    basic precautions précautions fpl élémentaires ou essentielles
    (d) (primitive → furniture, accommodation, skills) rudimentaire;
    their flat is really basic leur appartement est très rudimentaire
    (e) (as a starting point → hours) de base;
    this is the basic model of the car voici la voiture dans son modèle de base
    (f) Chemistry basique
    the basics l'essentiel m;
    let's get down to basics venons-en à l'essentiel;
    I learned the basics of computing j'ai acquis les notions de base en informatique;
    they learned to cook with just the basics ils ont appris à faire la cuisine avec un minimum;
    to get back to basics (important things in life) retourner aux choses essentielles;
    Politics back to basics = expression qui suggère un retour aux valeurs traditionnelles en matière d'éducation ou de moralité, lancée par les Conservateurs comme argument de renouveau politique au début des années 90
    ►► Economics basic commodity denrée f de base;
    Marketing basic consumer goods denrées fpl de consommation courante;
    Insurance basic cover assurance f de garantie de base;
    Finance basic pay salaire m de base;
    British Finance basic rate taux m de base;
    most people are basic rate taxpayers la plupart des gens sont imposés au taux de base;
    British Finance basic salary salaire m de base, traitement m de base;
    Chemistry basic salt sel m basique;
    basic slag scorie f de déphosphoration;
    Finance basic wage salaire m de base

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > basic

  • 3 basic

    ['beisik]
    1) (of, or forming, the main part or foundation of something: Your basic theory is wrong.) de base
    2) (restricted to a fundamental level, elementary: a basic knowledge of French.) élémentaire

    English-French dictionary > basic

  • 4 Colours

    Not all English colour terms have a single exact equivalent in French: for instance, in some circumstances brown is marron, in others brun. If in doubt, look the word up in the dictionary.
    Colour terms
    what colour is it?
    = c’est de quelle couleur? or (more formally) de quelle couleur est-il?
    it’s green
    = il est vert or elle est verte
    to paint sth green
    = peindre qch en vert
    to dye sth green
    = teindre qch en vert
    to wear green
    = porter du vert
    dressed in green
    = habillé de vert
    Colour nouns are all masculine in French:
    I like green
    = j’aime le vert
    I prefer blue
    = je préfère le bleu
    red suits her
    = le rouge lui va bien
    it’s a pretty yellow!
    = c’est un joli jaune!
    have you got it in white?
    = est-ce que vous l’avez en blanc?
    a pretty shade of blue
    = un joli ton de bleu
    it was a dreadful green
    = c’était un vert affreux
    a range of greens
    = une gamme de verts
    Most adjectives of colour agree with the noun they modify:
    a blue coat
    = un manteau bleu
    a blue dress
    = une robe bleue
    blue clothes
    = des vêtements bleus
    Some that don’t agree are explained below.
    Words that are not true adjectives
    Some words that translate English adjectives are really nouns in French, and so don’t show agreement:
    a brown shoe
    = une chaussure marron
    orange tablecloths
    = des nappes fpl orange
    hazel eyes
    = des yeux mpl noisette
    Other French words like this include: cerise ( cherry-red), chocolat ( chocolate-brown) and émeraude ( emerald-green).
    Shades of colour
    Expressions like pale blue, dark green or light yellow are also invariable in French and show no agreement:
    a pale blue shirt
    = une chemise bleu pâle
    dark green blankets
    = des couvertures fpl vert foncé
    a light yellow tie
    = une cravate jaune clair
    bright yellow socks
    = des chaussettes fpl jaune vif
    French can also use the colour nouns here: instead of une chemise bleu pâle you could say une chemise d’un bleu pâle ; and similarly des couvertures d’un vert foncé (etc). The nouns in French are normally used to translate English adjectives of this type ending in -er and -est:
    a darker blue
    = un bleu plus foncé
    the dress was a darker blue
    = la robe était d’un bleu plus foncé
    Similarly:
    a lighter blue
    = un bleu plus clair (etc.)
    In the following examples, blue stands for most basic colour terms:
    pale blue
    = bleu pâle
    light blue
    = bleu clair
    bright blue
    = bleu vif
    dark blue
    = bleu foncé
    deep blue
    = bleu profond
    strong blue
    = bleu soutenu
    Other types of compound in French are also invariable, and do not agree with their nouns:
    a navy-blue jacket
    = une veste bleu marine
    These compounds include: bleu ciel ( sky-blue), vert pomme ( apple-green), bleu nuit ( midnight-blue), rouge sang ( blood-red) etc. However, all English compounds do not translate directly into French. If in doubt, check in the dictionary.
    French compounds consisting of two colour terms linked with a hyphen are also invariable:
    a blue-black material
    = une étoffe bleu-noir
    a greenish-blue cup
    = une tasse bleu-vert
    a greeny-yellow dress
    = une robe vert-jaune
    English uses the ending -ish, or sometimes -y, to show that something is approximately a certain colour, e.g. a reddish hat or a greenish paint. The French equivalent is -âtre:
    blue-ish
    = bleuâtre
    greenish or greeny
    = verdâtre
    greyish
    = grisâtre
    reddish
    = rougeâtre
    yellowish or yellowy
    = jaunâtre
    etc.
    Other similar French words are rosâtre, noirâtre and blanchâtre. Note however that these words are often rather negative in French. It is better not to use them if you want to be complimentary about something. Use instead tirant sur le rouge/jaune etc.
    To describe a special colour, English can add -coloured to a noun such as raspberry (framboise) or flesh (chair). Note how this is said in French, where the two-word compound with couleur is invariable, and, unlike English, never has a hyphen:
    a chocolate-coloured skirt
    = une jupe couleur chocolat
    raspberry-coloured fabric
    = du tissu couleur framboise
    flesh-coloured tights
    = un collant couleur chair
    Colour verbs
    English makes some colour verbs by adding -en (e.g. blacken). Similarly French has some verbs in -ir made from colour terms:
    to blacken
    = noircir
    to redden
    = rougir
    to whiten
    = blanchir
    The other French colour terms that behave like this are: bleu (bleuir), jaune (jaunir), rose (rosir) and vert (verdir). It is always safe, however, to use devenir, thus:
    to turn purple
    = devenir violet
    Describing people
    Note the use of the definite article in the following:
    to have black hair
    = avoir les cheveux noirs
    to have blue eyes
    = avoir les yeux bleus
    Note the use of à in the following:
    a girl with blue eyes
    = une jeune fille aux yeux bleus
    the man with black hair
    = l’homme aux cheveux noirs
    Not all colours have direct equivalents in French. The following words are used for describing the colour of someone’s hair (note that les cheveux is plural in French):
    fair
    = blond
    dark
    = brun
    blonde or blond
    = blond
    brown
    = châtain inv
    red
    = roux
    black
    = noir
    grey
    = gris
    white
    = blanc
    Check other terms such as yellow, ginger, auburn, mousey etc. in the dictionary.
    Note these nouns in French:
    a fair-haired man
    = un blond
    a fair-haired woman
    = une blonde
    a dark-haired man
    = un brun
    a dark-haired woman
    = une brune
    The following words are useful for describing the colour of someone’s eyes:
    blue
    = bleu
    light blue
    = bleu clair inv
    light brown
    = marron clair inv
    brown
    = marron inv
    hazel
    = noisette inv
    green
    = vert
    grey
    = gris
    greyish-green
    = gris-vert inv
    dark
    = noir

    Big English-French dictionary > Colours

  • 5 НКУ распределения и управления

    1. ensemble PSC
    2. ensemble d'appareillage de puissance
    3. appareillage

     

    низковольтное устройство распределения и управления (НКУ)
    Низковольтные коммутационные аппараты и устройства управления, измерения, сигнализации, защиты, регулирования, собранные совместно, со всеми внутренними электрическими и механическими соединениями и конструктивными элементами.
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439-1-2012]

    низковольтное устройство распределения и управления

    Комбинация низковольтных коммутационных аппаратов с устройствами управления, измерения, сигнализации, защиты, регулирования и т. п., полностью смонтированных изготовителем НКУ (под его ответственность на единой конструктивной основе) со всеми внутренними электрическими и механическими соединениями с соответствующими конструктивными элементами
    Примечания
    1. В настоящем стандарте сокращение НКУ используют для обозначения низковольтных комплектных устройств распределения и управления.
    2. Аппараты, входящие в состав НКУ, могут быть электромеханическими или электронными.
    3. По различным причинам, например по условиям транспортирования или изготовления, некоторые операции сборки могут быть выполнены на месте установки, вне предприятия-изготовителя.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]

    EN

    power switchgear and controlgear assembly (PSC-assembly)
    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly used to distribute and control energy for all types of loads, intended for industrial, commercial and similar applications where operation by ordinary persons is not intended
    [IEC 61439-2, ed. 1.0 (2009-01)]

    low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly
    combination of one or more low-voltage switching devices together with associated control, measuring, signalling, protective, regulation equipment, etc., completely assembled under the responsibility of the manufacturer with all the internal electrical and mechanical interconnections and structural parts.
    [IEC 61892-3, ed. 2.0 (2007-11)]

    switchgear and controlgear
    a general term covering switching devices and their combination with associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment, also assemblies of such devices and equipment with associated interconnections, accessories, enclosures and supporting structures
    [IEV number 441-11-01]

    switchgear and controlgear

    electric equipment intended to be connected to an electric circuit for the purpose of carrying out one or more of the following functions: protection, control, isolation, switching
    NOTE – The French and English terms can be considered as equivalent in most cases. However, the French term has a broader meaning than the English term and includes for example connecting devices, plugs and socket-outlets, etc. In English, these latter devices are known as accessories.
    [IEV number 826-16-03 ]

    switchboard
    A large single electric control panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted (either on the back or on the face, or both) switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments; not intended for installation in a cabinet but may be completely enclosed in metal; usually is accessible from both the front and rear.
    [ McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture & Construction]

    switchboard
    One or more panels accommodating control switches, indicators, and other apparatus for operating electric circuits
    [ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]

    FR

    ensemble d'appareillage de puissance (ensemble PSC)
    ensemble d'appareillage à basse tension utilisé pour répartir et commander l'énergie pour tous les types de charges et prévu pour des applications industrielles, commerciales et analogues dans lesquelles l'exploitation par des personnes ordinaires n'est pas prévue
    [IEC 61439-2, ed. 1.0 (2009-01)]

    appareillage, m
    matériel électrique destiné à être relié à un circuit électrique en vue d'assurer une ou plusieurs des fonctions suivantes: protection, commande, sectionnement, connexion
    NOTE – Les termes français et anglais peuvent être considérés comme équivalents dans la plupart des cas. Toutefois, le terme français couvre un domaine plus étendu que le terme anglais, et comprend notamment les dispositifs de connexion, les prises de courant, etc. En anglais, ces derniers sont dénommés "accessories".
    [IEV number 826-16-03 ]

    appareillage
    terme général applicable aux appareils de connexion et à leur combinaison avec des appareils de commande, de mesure, de protection et de réglage qui leur sont associés, ainsi qu'aux ensembles de tels appareils avec les connexions, les accessoires, les enveloppes et les charpentes correspondantes
    [IEV number 441-11-01]


    A switchboard as defined in the National Electrical Code is a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the face or back or both switches, overcurrent and other protective devices, buses, and, usually, instruments.
    Switchboards are generally accessible from the rear as well as from the front and are not intended to be installed in cabinets.
    The types of switchboards, classified by basic features of construction, are as follows:
    1. Live-front vertical panels
    2. Dead-front boards
    3. Safety enclosed boards( metal-clad)


    [American electricians’ handbook]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    The switchboard plays an essential role in the availability of electric power, while meeting the needs of personal and property safety.

    Its definition, design and installation are based on precise rules; there is no place for improvisation.

    The IEC 61439 standard aims to better define " low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies", ensuring that the specified performances are reached.

    It specifies in particular:

    > the responsibilities of each player, distinguishing those of the original equipment manufacturer - the organization that performed the original design and associated verification of an assembly in accordance with the standard, and of the assembly manufacturer - the organization taking responsibility for the finished assembly;

    > the design and verification rules, constituting a benchmark for product certification.

    All the component parts of the electrical switchboard are concerned by the IEC 61439 standard.


    Equipment produced in accordance with the requirements of this switchboard standard ensures the safety and reliability of the installation.

    A switchboard must comply with the requirements of standard IEC 61439-1 and 2 to guarantee the safety and reliability of the installation.

    Managers of installations, fully aware of the professional and legal liabilities weighing on their company and on themselves, demand a high level of safety for the electrical installation.

    What is more, the serious economic consequences of prolonged halts in production mean that the electrical switchboard must provide excellent continuity of service, whatever the operating conditions.

    [Schneider Electric]

    НКУ играет главную роль в обеспечении электроэнергией, удовлетворяя при этом всем требованиям по безопасности людей и сохранности имущества.

    Выбор конструкции, проектирование и монтаж основаны на чётких правилах, не допускающих никакой импровизации.

    Требования к низковольтным комплектным устройствам распределения и управления сформулированы в стандарте МЭК 61439 (ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000).

    В частности, он определяет:

    > распределение ответственности между изготовителем НКУ - организацией, разработавшей конструкцию НКУ и проверившей его на соответствие требованиям стандарта, и сборщиком – организацией, выполнившей сборку НКУ;

    > конструкцию, технические характеристики, виды и методы испытаний НКУ.

    В стандарте МЭК 61439 (ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000) описываются все компоненты НКУ.

    Оборудование, изготовленное в соответствии с требованиями этого стандарта, обеспечивает безопасность и надежность электроустановки.

    Для того чтобы гарантировать безопасность эксплуатации и надежность работы электроустановки, распределительный щит должен соответствовать требованиям стандарта МЭК 61439-1 и 2.

    Лица, ответственные за электроустановки, должны быть полностью осведомлены о профессиональной и юридической ответственности, возложенной на их компанию и на них лично, за обеспечение высокого уровня безопасности эксплуатации этих электроустановок.

    Кроме того, поскольку длительные перерывы производства приводят к серьезным экономическим последствиям, электрический распределительный щит должен обеспечивать надежную и бесперебойную работу независимо от условий эксплуатации.

    [Перевод Интент]

     

    LV switchgear assemblies are undoubtedly the components of the electric installation more subject to the direct intervention of personnel (operations, maintenance, etc.) and for this reason users demand from them higher and higher safety requirements.

    The compliance of an assembly with the state of the art and therefore, presumptively, with the relevant technical Standard, cannot be based only on the fact that the components which constitute it comply with the state of the art and therefore, at least presumptively, with the relevant technical standards.

    In other words, the whole assembly must be designed, built and tested in compliance with the state of the art.

    Since the assemblies under consideration are low voltage equipment, their rated voltage shall not exceed 1000 Va.c. or 1500 Vd.c. As regards currents, neither upper nor lower limits are provided in the application field of this Standard.

    The Standard IEC 60439-1 states the construction, safety and maintenance requirements for low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, without dealing with the functional aspects which remain a competence of the designer of the plant for which the assembly is intended.

    [ABB]

    Низковольтные комплектные устройства (НКУ), вне всякого сомнения, являются частями электроустановок, которые наиболее подвержены непосредственному вмешательству оперативного, обслуживающего и т. п. персонала. Вот почему требования потребителей к безопасности НКУ становятся все выше и выше.

    Соответствие НКУ современному положению дел и вследствие этого, гипотетически, соответствующим техническим стандартам, не может основываться только на том факте, что составляющие НКУ компоненты соответствуют современному состоянию дел и поэтому, по крайней мере, гипотетически, - соответствующим техническим стандартам

    Другими словами, НКУ должно быть разработано, изготовлено и испытано в соответствии с современными требованиями.

    Мы рассматриваем низковольтные комплектные устройства и это означает, что их номинальное напряжение не превышает 1000 В переменного тока или 1500 В постоянного тока. Что касается тока, то ни верхнее, ни нижнее значение стандартами, относящимися к данной области, не оговариваются

    Стандарт МЭК 60439-1 устанавливает требования к конструкции, безопасности и техническому обслуживанию низковольтных комплектных устройств без учета их функций, полагая, что функции НКУ являются компетенцией проектировщиков электроустановки, частью которых эти НКУ являются.

    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

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    • Schaltanlagen und/oder Schaltgeräte

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    Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ распределения и управления

  • 6 grounding

    grounding [ˈgraʊndɪŋ]
    ( = basic knowledge) bases fpl (in en)
    * * *
    ['graʊndɪŋ]
    1) [U] ( preparation) bases fpl (in en, de)
    2) Aviation ( of plane) immobilisation f

    English-French dictionary > grounding

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